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Sunday 16 December 2012

Cervical Vertebrae Study


AP Axial Projection

  1. Patient in upright or supine position;
  2. Extend the chin slightly;

Central ray angled 15º-20º cephalad to C4.
Respiration:Suspended.



Evaluation Criteria:
  • Disk spaces open;
  • No rotation;
  • Spinous process equidistant to the pedicles;
  • Visualization of C3 to T1 in the center of the image;
  • Superimposed of the mandible and occiput over the atlas and axis;
  • Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).



Lateral Projection

  1. Patient in upright or seated position;
  2. Place in a true lateral position;
  3. Elevate the chin slightly.

Central ray perpendicular and horizontal to C4.
Respiration: Suspended at the end of the expiration.


Evaluation Criteria:
  • Visualization of the all seven cervical vertebrae and T1;
  • No overlapping of mandible to the atlas or axis;
  • Spine in the center of the image;
  • No rotation: zygapophysical joints overlapped;
  • Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).




Lateral Projection- Hyperflexion and hyperextension

  1. Patient in a true lateral position;

  • Hyperflexion: Draw the chin as much as possible to the chest;
  • Hyperextension: Elevate the chin as much as possible.

Central ray perpendicular and horizontal to C4
Respiration: Suspended.   


     Hiperflexion

Hiperextension

Evaluation Criteria:
  • No rotation;
  • Cervical vertebrae in profile position;
  • Visualization of C1 to C7;
  • In Hyperflexion the body of mandible it is almost in vertical position;
  • In Hyperextension the body of mandible it is almost in horizontal position;
  • Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue).


Hiperflexion

Hiperextension

AP Axial Projection

  1. Patient in upright position;
  2. Body rotation at 45º.

Central ray angled 15-20º cephalad to C4.
Respiration: Suspended.



Evaluation Criteria:
  • Visualization of C1 to T1;
  • Intervertebral foramina open;
  • Disk spaces open;
  • Occipital and mandible not overlapping to the atlas or axis;
  • Appropriate exposure values (visualization of the all bony trabeculation and soft tissue). 



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